@article { author = {Afshari, Reza}, title = {Historic Perspective (Ferdowsi); Scholarship of Teaching}, journal = {Future of Medical Education Journal}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {2-2}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-8347}, eissn = {2251-8355}, doi = {}, abstract = {Evolvement of medical education in the past decades has led to emerging of the new concept of “scholarship behaviours in teaching” (1). To evaluate scholarship projects six criteria (Glassick Criteria) have been proposed to make education provision more objective. They include providing clear goals, adequate preparation, appropriate methods, significant results, effective presentation, and reflective critique (2-4). While this is considered to be a relatively new concept, there is historical evidence in which promoting scholarship behaviours has been promoted. Rich Persian literature reflects the Iranian ideas, customs, traditions and culture which are shaped by social values. These concepts have been expanded and flourished during the 7000 years history of civilisation in this country. Ferdowsi, the epic poet of Persia (940-2020 CE) (5), reflected on the criteria of scholarship behaviours in teaching. His standards are even deeper. He expressed these ideas clearly to be understandable even to the public. For example, he focuses on the capability of expansion of teaching materials and experience to others (6).   از این پس نمیرم که من ‌زنده‌ام              که تخم سخن را پراکنده‌ام I shall not die; I'll be alive afterwards, as I have spread the seeds of discourse! According to Ferdowsi, publishing and distribution of teaching materials is not enough to grantee the scholarship behaviour. Results and guidelines should be able to flourish by themselves similar to the plant seeds that germinate. This could be defined as the seventh principle of Glassick Criteria.  Application of wisdom and science literacy is clear from the opening verses of Shahnameh (شاهنامه) and last throughout the book (6): به نام خداوند جان و خرد              کزین برتر اندیشه برنگذرد In the name of the Lord of life and wisdom, No notion would be better than this!  Ferdowsi attributed behaviour of teaching to nature and wisdom of the teachers as well as what they have been acquired (6). خرد باید و گوهر نامدار             هنر یار و فرهنگش آموزگار Nobel nature and wisdom are essential, artistic behaviour and culture should be the teacher!  }, keywords = {Historic Perspective (Ferdowsi),Scholarship of Teaching}, url = {https://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_227.html}, eprint = {https://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_227_0bb8e71efd96f65ed36beea5a909df9a.pdf} } @article { author = {Shahini, Najmeh and Sanagoo, Akram and Jouybari, Leila Mahasti}, title = {Communication Skills and Professionalism: The Self-Assessment of Golestan University of Medical Sciences' Students}, journal = {Future of Medical Education Journal}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {3-6}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-8347}, eissn = {2251-8355}, doi = {10.22038/fmej.2012.341}, abstract = {Background: Communication is a human skill that can develop through learning and teaching, Although, this is an integral component of clinical activities of physicians, still the dominant attitude in medical education is biological. There is a little attention to communication skills in formal medical education program. The aim of this study was to determine communication skills and professionalism of medical students of Golestan University of Medical Sciences by self-assessment. Methods: In this cross-sectional study in 2009, eighty medical students through non-random sampling were studied. The data collected by a valid and reliable questionnaire contained demographic, communication skills, and professional behaviors questions. Results: Eighty% of the students were female and the mean age of them was 22.3 years. 2.5% of the students evaluated their communication skills at average level, 25%  good, 56.2%  very good, and 16.2% excellent. None of students were assessed as weak in communication skills. 48.8% of the students evaluated their professionalism as "good". The relationships among communication skills, professional behavior, and demographic date were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: Some of the evidences indicate that in spite of positive attitudes of physicians to having good behavior with patients, failure is common. Although the students evaluated their communication skills and professional behaviors at good level, however they were not in touch with real professional situations as the same independent physician.}, keywords = {Professionalism,Communication skill,Self-assessment,Medical student}, url = {https://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_341.html}, eprint = {https://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_341_acdd6fe366e4d1d961d558b8ca43c5a9.pdf} } @article { author = {Akbari Lakeh, Maryam and Karimi Moonaghi, Hossein and Makarem, Abbas}, title = {Medical Faculty Members’ Teaching Competencies and Factors Affecting It}, journal = {Future of Medical Education Journal}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {7-10}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-8347}, eissn = {2251-8355}, doi = {10.22038/fmej.2012.342}, abstract = {Background: Faculty members are the main sources of universities. Determination and promotion of their competencies lead to the overall performance promotion of universities. Faculty members’ teaching competencies have the greatest role in the improvement of education, research and universities social services quality. Therefore, in order to investigate this issue more carefully, this study aimed to determine the level of teaching competency in medical faculty members and factors affecting it. Methods: This applied research is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was done by stratified probability sampling with 160 medical faculty members as subjects (32 basic science faculty members, 128 clinical science faculty members) in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, solar year 1390.. Selected items from Alabama University teaching competency self assessment instrument was used as the questionnaire. The data were analyzed with the software SPSS 11.0. Results: The median score of teaching competency was 92.0 with the minimum score of 39.0 and maximum score of 112.0; there was no significant difference between basic and clinical faculty members’ competencies score (p=0/05).The most powerful competency was the classroom management, and students performance evaluation had the lowest score. There was a significant difference between teaching competency scores depending on academic degree (p=0/009), adult education competencies (p=0/02), and marriage (p=0/03). Conclusions: Because of the key role of faculty members in educational system, with the revision of educational plans and policies; we can promote the teaching competencies of teachers.}, keywords = {Competency,Teaching Competency,Faculty Member}, url = {https://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_342.html}, eprint = {https://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_342_5e7e1c3a965aa139ba084bbd03baf245.pdf} } @article { author = {Nazari Chamak, Masoumeh and Haghdoost, Ali Akbar and Islaminejad, Tahereh}, title = {The Position of University Classification in Iran and International Arena; A Systematic Review}, journal = {Future of Medical Education Journal}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {11-18}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-8347}, eissn = {2251-8355}, doi = {10.22038/fmej.2012.343}, abstract = {Background: Providing an appropriate background is essential for necessary changes and innovation in the higher education, the need to review the classification criteria and development of the type of native criteria and local standards which match the cultural and scientific requirements of the country. Investigating the possible types of indicators to adjusted accurately and objectively is important to be effective. Methods: In this systematic review we used 10 primary keywords to study the existing documents and links to related databases in the period of 2000-2011.were studied and classified information with international universities in the structure collection and content analysis was carried out during the process. Results: In this study of the original documentary (3954), 19 articles were found completely relevant to the topic. These articles points to four domains such as; influential presence of the international arena, the improvement of higher educational system and research centered. Conventional university classification is solely in Iran but there are some similarities between the frameworks in China and the United States. For example the Carnegie Classification of colleges and universities in the United States and the Chinese university in 2000 introduced two groups; Pole key universities and other universities. The comparison and assessment of the performance of universities in the international arena must be considered important. Conclusions: The university classification process should clarify university management, extent and scope of work, university influence over the country, and the role of university in long-term goals of the country. If we accept it, we will be able to set it up with a better and more efficiently. Therefore we need to define indicators of functional types as  transparent, scientific and consistent with the native culture and new combinations in universities. It is necessary to combine the international indices with the combination of native priorities.}, keywords = {classification,Categorize,Systematic review,University,International Arena}, url = {https://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_343.html}, eprint = {https://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_343_d4f8cc2cda9e0ee0e7002200cb28bbc4.pdf} } @article { author = {Jabbari, Nasrollah and Zeinali, Ahad and Ageshteh, Safar}, title = {Assessment of Radiology Technology Students’ Internship with Objective Structured Clinical Examination}, journal = {Future of Medical Education Journal}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {19-23}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-8347}, eissn = {2251-8355}, doi = {10.22038/fmej.2012.344}, abstract = {Background: Programming and planning an appropriate structure for internship and purposeful assessments of students play a considerable role in developing their practical and theoretical knowledge level. One of the suitable alternatives for the traditional method is assessing internship through Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Therefore the aim of the present study is to perform an objective and structured method for assessing and evaluating radiology students’ internship and comparing it with the previous common method. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study which participants were all B.Sc. radiology students, having started university in 87 and 88 solar year in Urmia University of Medical Sciences. For reaching the aims of the study a form called radiology students’ internship assessment was planned. Its validity and reliability were confirmed through content validity and test-retest methods respectively. Results: The results of this study were achieved through assessment form with correct and incorrect answers of students in different working stands and their satisfaction. The results in the form of the percent of correct and incorrect answers of students to each one of the items of working stands showed that in the working stands under study the coefficient of correct answer were 79.5% to 95.5%. The results also showed that 72% of students preferred the mentioned method to the traditional one. Conclusions: Assessment of learners is one of the basic fields of educational activities; therefore a method based on OSCE was used for assessing radiology students’ internship in Urmia University of Medical Sciences for the first time. The results of this study showed that involving the students during internship and fulfilling tasks individually by the students are necessary for expressing students’ scientific and practical qualifications.}, keywords = {Learners’ assessment,Radiology Students,Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)}, url = {https://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_344.html}, eprint = {https://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_344_af9749d437c63bb4cc7c3a8d55a0d4e0.pdf} } @article { author = {Hashemian, Maryam and Shuride yazdi, Mohammad and Azizi, Hoda and Hassanpour, Kazem}, title = {Internal Evaluation of Basic Science Department in Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences in 2010}, journal = {Future of Medical Education Journal}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {24-27}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-8347}, eissn = {2251-8355}, doi = {10.22038/fmej.2012.345}, abstract = {Background: The increased concern for accountability and quality improvement is inducing universities throughout the world to evaluate and control performance. Hence, this study was conducted to assess basic science department of Sabzevar medical school to improve the quality of the department. Methods: This study is a descriptive cross sectional study. We asked faculty members, managers, internal evaluation committee members and medical students questions in different fields .Data was collected by researcher made questionnaires and analyzed by SPSS 15 using the absolute percentage of patients, the standard deviation, and the arithmetic average tests. Results: The best quality was showed by 1 and the worst quality was showed by 5. The best quality was in mission and goals and the score was 1.31. Conclusions: The results showed that the basic science department is favorable, but a strategic program is advised to improve the quality. }, keywords = {Quality,Internal Evaluation,Basic Science Department,Sabzevar}, url = {https://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_345.html}, eprint = {https://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_345_f036934549f00ab7cee50d5d4e1c230e.pdf} } @article { author = {Amini, Mitra and Tajamul, Saima and Lotfi*, Farhad and karimian, Zahra}, title = {A Survey on Study Habits of Medical Students in Shiraz Medical School}, journal = {Future of Medical Education Journal}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {28-34}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-8347}, eissn = {2251-8355}, doi = {10.22038/fmej.2012.354}, abstract = {Background: Study habits and skills are very important particularly in medical school which is characterized by heavy workload, heavy time commitments, and high stakes assessments. Students’ approach to learning, which includes study habits, has an important impact on both the excellence of the learning and their academic success. The aim of this study was to evaluate the study habits of Shiraz medical students. Methods: In this descriptive cross sectional study Persian version of Approaches to Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) was distributed randomly among 265 Shiraz medical students in May 2010. Total completed questionnaires were 193 (72.83%). data was analyzed using SPSS 18. Results: The results showed that most of the students use deep approach towards their studies (89.4%) and some use strategic approach (72.7%) but score was relatively low for surface approach (69.8%). There was no statistic relationship between gender and deep or surface approach that they adopted but there was statistically positive relationship between gender and strategic approach that they adopted with males good in adopting strategic approach. No statistical relationship was detected between educational level and deep approach but analysis detected a statistically positive relationship between the level of education and both surface and strategic approaches. Non clinical students adopted strategic approach whereas clinical students adopted surface approach towards their studies. No relationship was detected between place of living and approaches that they adopted. Conclusions: Our finding suggests that there is an overlap correlation between learning approaches adopted by students in different situations. Moreover the finding showed that with increase in educational level there is a trend toward surface approach. Therefore, the adoption of factors which foster deep approaches and activities which increase students' interest should be strongly emphasized.}, keywords = {Deep Approach,Strategic Approach,Surface}, url = {https://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_354.html}, eprint = {https://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_354_81b0cc501435f8dcdaf19495003c27e0.pdf} } @article { author = {Peivandi, Sepideh and Ebadi, Aghdas and Geran Ourimi, Taraneh and Atarod, Zoleikha and Rahmani, Zahra}, title = {The Professional Behavior of Midwives with respect to Their Responsibilities in Hospital Labor Units in Sari in solar year 1390}, journal = {Future of Medical Education Journal}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {35-38}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-8347}, eissn = {2251-8355}, doi = {10.22038/fmej.2012.357}, abstract = {Background: High quality midwifery care for patients in the labor unit is of great importance in the promotion of women's wellbeing and pregnancy health. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the professional behavior of midwives with respect to their responsibilities and the service they provide in labor units in the university, governmental and private hospitals across Sari in 1390. Methods: Forty midwives working in labor departments of university, governmental, and private hospitals in Sari were recruited using random sampling and their professional behavior was assessed from four different aspects – i.e., midwives' self-assessment and their assessment by the labor unit chief, doctor, and patient. For data collection, four researcher-designed questionnaires (Q) regarding professional behavior were filled by the midwife (Q 1), labor unit chief (Q 2), gynecologist (Q 3) and patient (Q 4). The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were proven using the test-retest method. Descriptive and deductive data analysis was done using SPSS. Results: Overall, the subjects received the highest scores (i.e., favorable) with regard to following orders and writing patient files and received the lowest scores (i.e. average) concerning the follow up of laboratory results and consultations and being on time. Regarding the follow up of laboratory results and consultations, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the labor unit chiefs' assessment of midwives and the assessment made by the gynecologists, with the highest and lowest scores given, respectively. However, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the highest and lowest scores achieved, taking into account the place of origin or the marital or employment status of the midwives. Conclusions: Given the findings, the professional behavior of midwives working in labor units in Sari was at a favorable level. Yet, in order to improve standards of care, it is recommended that informative and educational steps be taken regarding the improvement of those factors considered to be of average assessment by the present study.}, keywords = {professional behavior,midwives' responsibilities,labor unit}, url = {https://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_357.html}, eprint = {https://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_357_c399fe03ae19ba94b10c71860761f817.pdf} } @article { author = {Kazemi, Toba and Khodashenas, Mohamad and Pourbadakhshan, Nafise}, title = {Study of the viewpoint of Medical Interns and Externs toward Using Problem- based Learning Method in Cardiac Ward, Birjand 2011}, journal = {Future of Medical Education Journal}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {39-43}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2251-8347}, eissn = {2251-8355}, doi = {10.22038/fmej.2012.360}, abstract = {Background: In the present study, we studied the clinical students’ viewpoints toward traditional and case study training methods. Methods: This analytical descriptive study was conducted in cardiac ward of ValiAsr Hospital in Birjand from 1389 to 1390. 5 training sessions in the form of case presentation were held during a one-month course in cardiac ward. The trainer prepared a PowerPoint file of a common disease before the start of the class. At the beginning of the discussion a clinical symptom was presented then students asked questions about the history, previous records, par clinical signs, and etc. based on the mentioned symptom and the trainer presented them. At the end of the     discussion differential diagnosis and final diagnosis were presented and treatment of the disease was discussed. At the end of the course a researcher made questionnaire including 10 questions in the case of comparing the above mentioned method and the common clinical teaching method was distributed among students. Then data was coded and analyzed by SPSS. Results: During this one year, 40 externs and 30 interns (50 females and 20 males) were trained through case study method in cardiac ward and the average score of the viewpoints of all students was 42.20±5.36 out of 50 which shows that students have a positive point of view to case study method compared with the traditional method. There was not a significant difference between the viewpoints of male and female students in any of the ten mentioned fields. The score of the externs’ viewpoint in all the fields was higher than interns’, but this difference was just significant in the case of deep learning (4.1±0.8 in interns, 4.6±0.5 , P=0.016). Conclusions: The results of the study showed that students had a positive viewpoint toward clinical training through case study and this method can be used as a new educational method alongside other methods.}, keywords = {Intern,Extern,Clinical training,Problem-based learning}, url = {https://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_360.html}, eprint = {https://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_360_4397033500cb1c5e9b0c0f9dbd2a4895.pdf} }