Incorporation of Medical Research and Education in Asia Pacific Region
Reza
Afshari
Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRAN
author
text
article
2015
eng
The goal of medicine is to prevent harm as Hippocrates pointed out; “primum non nocere; first do no harm”. Has this fact been taken into account in developing Medical Education curricula in Asia?
Frequency of diseases in Asia is different from high income countries (1, 2) and funds for research are lacking. It is therefore important to allocate available funds to the most applicable issues to make science socially responsive and maximise the research impact (3).
Despite the fact that Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of independent India, persuaded Asian nations to focus on developing a “scientific temper” more than half a century ago (4), science production in this region is still limited in the 21st century. Shouldn’t the scientists from the developing world bear the responsibility for the shortcomings in their communities (5)?
Having said that, the rate of growth for scientific publications from Asia has disproportionately increased in comparison to European and North American regions in the past two decades (6). Although this trend is promising, it is not clear whether these publications have been directed or translated to prevent harm in this region.
Currently medical scientists are being evaluated via scintometric indices at best, which are focused on science production (7). This may in part justify the increased rate of publications in this region. Current ranking of researchers did not lead, however, to all-inclusive evaluation tools (8).
Another problem is the gap between the regional scientific findings and acceptable evidence for the local policy makers. As a result,local medical research are not being translated into action (9).
Medical curricula in developing world are subjected to the focuses of the high income countries, and distinctive pattern of diseases is Asia has not proportionately taken into account (10). The irony is that the most important resource for quality research in Asia seems not to be funding, but applicable knowledge and attitude (11).The way forward for the dissemination of research in Asia needs local consideration and collaboration (12). We need to foster harmonization and alignment of research efforts (9) to be directed at recommendations and feedback to medical educators as well as policy makers (13).
To achieve this gaol,medical scientists should be evaluated via a combination of quantitative and qualitative indices to shift the research trend towards local health problems (7). Research revealed that promotion of these types of regulations significantly affect the quality of medical educators and their scholarship activities (14).
To produce fit-for-purpose medial graduates (15), we need a standardized format to manage patients with low cost healthcare technologies in Asian countries (16). Teaching critical appraisal of the current research is important (17). Correcting the misperceptions and deviated knowledge and attitude of medical educators and policy makers in regard to the importance of more locally generated science and common diseases should be focused in developing medical and health curricula (18, 19). Frequent feedback improves the quality of medical education, especially when augmented by applying standards (20).
To bridge the gap with health policy makers, local culture and historic evidence, in which promoting scholarship behaviours in teaching has been endorsed, can be successfully used (21, 22) to highlight the importance of translational research by granting bodies in funding decisions (23).
Collaboration and integrating of research and medical eduation with social accountability and applying the most cost beneficial medical education technologies are essential to train fit-for-purpose medical students and prevent harm (5, 24-26).
Future of Medical Education Journal
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2251-8347
5
v.
4
no.
2015
3
4
https://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_6346_c89e96d7a738e3ffb4657968d9ffddf8.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/fmej.2015.6346
The Opinion of Students about the Status of Educational Counseling in Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in First Semester of 2012
Masoumeh
Delaram
Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IRAN
author
Sahand
Shams
Department of Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IRAN
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: The counselors are responsible for academic counseling to students and help them to solve their educational problems. The aim of the present study was to determine the viewpoints of students about the status of academic counseling provided by the faculty advisers in four schools at University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the opinions of 244 students about the counseling status in four schools of Medicine, Nursing and Midwifery, Public Health, and Paramedical were assessed by a self- designed Check List including individual and educational information and 12 items with Likert scale to assess the students’ viewpoints about the status of counselingin the first semester of 2012. Data were analyzed by SPSS (v.16), using mean (SD), one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation test.PResults: “Checking and signing form of credit selection” was the only item from the 12 items of counseling status to which the students in four schools had given a higher score [School of Medicine (2.47±0.60)], [School of Para-medicine (2.45±0.66)], [School of Health (2.10±0.90)], [School of Nursing and Midwifery (2.50±0.86)] and there was no significant difference among the schools (P=0.50). Conclusions: From the viewpoints of students, the status of counseling was not good. Informing the advisors about their duties and adequate supervision of university officials on proper implementation of counseling by the faculty members can help to improve the process of advising.
Future of Medical Education Journal
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2251-8347
5
v.
4
no.
2015
5
9
https://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_6296_a7d58c45e273a8ac4836898f26848ea2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/fmej.2015.6296
Improving Knowledge and Attitude of Nurses Working In Chemotherapy Wards through a Short Educational Course: A Successful Experience in Mashhad
Ali
Taghizadeh Kermani
Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, IRAN
author
Sare
Hosseini
Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, IRAN
author
Roham
Salek
Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, IRAN
author
Leila
Pourali
Women's Health Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IRAN
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Cancer is the third leading cause of death in Iran. Novel chemotherapeutic agents can lead to considerable improvements in cancer treatment, although using these agents requires special skills and experiences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a short course education on nurses’ knowledge and attitude. Methods: Overall, 24 nurses participated in this short educational course, supervised by several clinical/radiation oncologists. During a two-week period, several protocols of chemotherapy, complications associated with chemotherapy, and the management of adverse outcomes were taught to the participants with a special emphasis on nursing considerations. Before the program and at the end of the course, the Multiple Choice Questionnaire (MCQ) and Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS) were used for evaluating the effectiveness of the program on the participants’ knowledge. Changing their attitude was also evaluated by an author-made Questionnaire. The mean knowledge and attitude scores before and after the interventions were compared using paired t-test. Results: Overall, Four participants (16%) were male and 20 (83%) were female. The majority of the subjects (90%) worked at chemotherapy wards. Sixteen (66%) versus twenty two (91%) nurses achieved a minimum score of 70% on MCQ before and after the course, respectively (p=0.03). The mean scores before and after the course were 18.7±8.6 versus 26±11 for MCQ (p=0.03) and 30.3±10 versus 45.3±14 for DOPS (p=0.004). The mean of attitudes’ score were 3.93±1.7 and 4.04±1.2 before and after the course, respectively, that showed a significant difference (p=0.01). Conclusions: Short educational courses about major subjects in oncology nursing could improve nurses’ knowledge and attitude.
Future of Medical Education Journal
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2251-8347
5
v.
4
no.
2015
10
13
https://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_6298_d86569bf225d1b1f33587a3bc41e97ab.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/fmej.2015.6298
Assessment of Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Training on Self-Esteem and Achievement Motivation of High School Students
Hamid Reza
Aghamohammadian Shaarbaf
Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, IRAN
author
Said
Timuri
Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Torbat Jam Branch, IRAN
author
Mohammad
Sanadgol
Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Torbat Jam Branch, IRAN
author
Ebrahim
Gazidari
Department of General Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran, IRAN
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Based on researches done in recent decades, there are several therapeutic approaches to increase self-esteem and achievement motivation of students. Among these methods, we can refer to cognitive-behavioral therapy. The purpose of this research is assessment of effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group training on self-esteem andachievement motivation of students. Methods: The research method was experimental with two- grouped pre-test and post- test design, experimental group and control group. The statistical population includes all students of high schools in Sarakhs (educational year 2012-2013). (N=85). Participants were chosen by available sampling method and randomly assigned to an experimental (15 boys) and a control group (15 boys). The experimental group received cognitive-behavioral group training through 8 sessions of 1 hour, while the control group received no training at all. For assessing the research variables, Alis Pop self- esteem questionnaire and Edwards’s achievement motivation questionnaire were done before and after completion of the trainings. The collected data were analyzed using independent and dependent T test by SPSS statistical software. Results: The study demonstrated that cognitive-behavioral training had positive effects on students’ self-esteem (P<0.001) and achievement motivation (P<0.001) in comparison to control group. Conclusions: In general, it can be concluded that cognitive- behavioral training were found effective in increasing self-esteem and achievement motivation.
Future of Medical Education Journal
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2251-8347
5
v.
4
no.
2015
14
19
https://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_6399_361f3803185ae2f384ea9dfdf0073d5b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/fmej.2015.6399
The Study of the Interaction Effects between Students and Instructors from Shushtar Nursing Students’ Perspective
Shayeste
Haghighi
Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IRAN
author
Darush
Rokhafroz
Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery School, Ahvaz Jundishapur Medical Sicence University, Ahvaz, IRAN
author
Neda
Sayadi
Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IRAN
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Communication is very important in human societies in connection with the exchange of ideas and information between the instructor and student. The current research aimed to study factors that influence the interaction between the instructor and student from the perspective of Shushtar medical sciences students. Methods: This descriptive - cross sectional study was conducted in Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences (Shushtar Nursing Branch). Sample size (n = 82) includes nursing students, medical emergencies and operation room. The instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting two parts, the first part included personal characteristics and the second part was related to factors affecting the interaction between teacher and student. After data collection, the data was analyzed descriptively by SPSS software (version 18). Results: The results of the present study showed that the average age of participants was 29.63 ± 3.8. Most of them (51.2%) believed that there should be restriction on student-teacher relationships. The majority of the students believed that the existence of restriction between instructor and students such as indigenous knowledge of Islamic law and ethical standards of communication, counseling, the balance between intimacy and limitations between instructor and students can build confidence and enhance effective communication between teacher and student and improve learning process. Conclusions: According to the results of the professional characteristics and teaching, workshops can reinforce the skills of teachers and improves education.
Future of Medical Education Journal
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2251-8347
5
v.
4
no.
2015
20
24
https://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_6426_5bed3d8f2c6dd1cd8e931d4fd133b245.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/fmej.2015.6426
The Impact of E-Learning on Creativity and Learning in Physiology Course in Nursing Students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
Mohammad taghi
Mahmoodi
Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord, Shahrekoord, IRAN
author
Shahab
Maleki
Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord, Shahrekoord, IRAN
author
Zohre
Sanisales
Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord, Shahrekoord, IRAN
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Rapid advancement of information and communication technologies has transformed the methods of education. It has created methods which help students achieve deep and effective learning as well as develop a desirable level of creativity. Implementation of e-learning in education is one of such methods. The purpose of the present research is to study the impact of self-learning (self-paced learning) on learning progress and creativity in students of Physiology course of Shahrkoord Medical University in school year 2014-15. Methods: The present study employs a quasi-experimental design which incorporates pretest-posttest and a control group. The statistical population consisted all nursing students of Shahrkoord University of Medical Sciences studying at the first semester of 2014-15 among whom 40 individuals studying at two separate classes have been selected as sample members using convenient sampling method. The instruments of data collection are the realized learning test (with 0.84 pretest reliability and 0.81 posttest reliability, and face validity confirmed by university professors) and Abedi creativity questionnaire. In order to analyze the data the independent T-test has been carried out using SPSS software Ver.18. Results: The results of the study indicated that the use of E-learning in physiology teaching-learning process both improves nursing students’ learning (by 4.32 points) and increases their creativity (fluency 4.67, originality 8.87, flexibility 4.73, and elaboration 4.32 points). Conclusions: Based on the results yielded by the present study, implementation of e-learning improves creativity and learning in university students in physiology course. Therefore, executives of education system should consider incorporation of e-learning in teaching-learning processes.
Future of Medical Education Journal
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2251-8347
5
v.
4
no.
2015
25
29
https://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_6427_6cdb4913ced2b89768793902d5bed6bb.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/fmej.2015.6427
Quantification of the Content Validity of Written Tests at Mashhad Dental School in 2011-2012
Javad
Sarabadani
Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IRAN
author
Majid
Sanatkhani
Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IRAN
author
Maryam
Amirchaghmaghi
Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IRAN
author
Majid
Fehresti Sani
General Dentist
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Academic tests are valuable tools for evaluating students’ knowledge and capabilities. This study aimed to assess the content validity offinal examinations at Mashhad Dental School. The practical purpose of this study was to enhance the quality of written examinations in this school. Methods: The present descriptive, cross-sectional study aimed to determine the content validity of final examination of Mashhad Dental School, located in Northeast of Iran during 2011-2012. In this study, in collaboration with the Education Development Office (EDO) of Dental School, we designed this study to assess the content validity of written tests in the school. The percentage of content coverage (CC) and content relevance (CR) of each item were determined, and the percentage of content validity (CV) was calculated using Messick method. We used frequency distribution tables and diagrams in order to assess the content validity of final examinations. Results: In total, 68 faculty members who were designers of exam questions participated in the current study. The mean percentage of CR and CC were 95.2% and 76.87 in the final exams of all departments, respectively. In addition, the mean percentage of content validity was 86.04 in the exams of different groups. Conclusions: Examinations are the most important tools to evaluate students’ learning; therefore, evaluating the final written examinationsas a measure of students’ knowledge, can help improve the quality of training. Also, teachers' awareness of the importance of content validity and quantification method is quite effective in designing efficient exams with greater sensitivity.
Future of Medical Education Journal
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2251-8347
5
v.
4
no.
2015
30
35
https://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_6437_6936d4ddbf04980a3fa2ca717886eaa7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/fmej.2015.6437
Scientific Authority in Health Sciences; Challenges and Solutions
Maryam
Eslami
Department of Genetics,Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad
University, Tehran, IRAN
author
Seyed Hasan
Moghadamneya
Lifestyle Research Center,Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN
author
Mohammad Reza
Eslami
Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, IRAN
author
Mohammad Hossein
Ayati
Lifestyle Research Center,Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN
author
Mohammad Naser
Shafiee Jafarabadi
English Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad university of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IRAN
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: The perspective of scientific authority in Iran, by the year 1435, requires a growing strong generation with a sense of self-esteem, academic endeavor and responsible in today's competitive world. Strategic planning of human resources and education of youth with talent, commitment, vitality and hope requires a national will along with adequate resources. The aim of this study was to gain a deep understanding of the challenges and solutions for achieving scientific authority in Iran by the next fifty years. Methods: In this narrative review, the following items were surveyed: The strategies for scientific authority stated by our Supreme Leader (since Mordad 85 to 94), The study of governmental documents such as the perspective by the year 1404 (since77 to 82.), a comprehensive scientific map for health system (since 89 to 93.), the general policy of "science and technology" (since 86 to 87), and the comments given by health authorities, faculty members and students. Results: access to the scientific authority requires a national commitment and the development of human resources proportional to the aims. The pathology of health activities requires a good understanding of the strengths, weaknesses and threats to define priorities and establishing structures for our goals. In this study the challenges were investigated and the possible solutions have been proposed. Conclusions: Spanning foresight in the field of health in Iran and the world demands the cooperation of our professors with the young innovative scientists. Standardization not only promotes the quality of research projects but also increases the exploitative activities.
Future of Medical Education Journal
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2251-8347
5
v.
4
no.
2015
36
40
https://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_6456_c73a5ef2b63e23bd06dbbbd1dc152e4c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/fmej.2015.6456
Comparison of Medical Students’ and Teachers’ Perception about Clinical Educational Environment in Educational Hospital Wards
Sakene
Sabzevari
Education Developmental Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Medical Science University of kerman, Kerman, IRAN
author
Roya
Vatankhah
Education Developmental Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IRAN
author
MohamadReza
Baneshi
Health School, kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IRAN
author
Lida
Jarahi
Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IRAN
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background: Clinical training has an important section in medical students’ education. Creating a favorable learning environment plays an essential role in medical education. Since clinical teachers involve to clinical problem, clinical education environment evaluation can help to identify the negative and positive factors. This study was conducted to compare medical students’ and residents' perceptions and their teachers of the hospitals educational environment using the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM). Methods: This descriptive, analysis cross-sectional study was conducted in Kerman University of Medical Science, 2012. Using DREEM investigate the educational atmosphere four main clinical wards (Internal, Surgery, Pediatrics and Gynecology) in the educational hospitals of University. DREEM distributed to 230 participants, included 50 clinical teachers, 88 residents and 92 interns. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 18. We were carried out Anova test to comparison means items. Results: The overall DREEM is 161/200for interns, 157/200 for residents and 123/140 for teachers. Generally tend to positive. There were significant difference in Learning domain (P<0.000) and atmosphere (P<0.000). There was no significant difference in teacher performance domain (0.127). Conclusions: DREEM scores are on the top of scoring except the perception of teachers in domain of learning that it can be causing of satisfies of their performance in learning environment. Participants assessed the educational environment as high level. Regarding the Perception of learning, teachers' performance, and learning atmosphere was viewed positively. So, it’s better to keep quality in high level in clinical wards.
Future of Medical Education Journal
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2251-8347
5
v.
4
no.
2015
41
45
https://fmej.mums.ac.ir/article_6529_59df3dd9963ebfcdb6046243092734b4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/fmej.2015.6529